What is lochia, and what are its three stages?

Lochia refers to the vaginal discharge that occurs following childbirth as the body sheds the tissue and blood that supported the pregnancy. It consists of blood, mucus, and uterine tissue, which helps to prevent infection as the uterus heals and returns to its original size and condition.

The three stages of lochia are lochia rubra, serosa, and alba. Lochia rubra typically lasts for the first few days postpartum and consists mainly of blood, which can appear bright red. This stage is crucial as it signifies the immediate postpartum recovery process. Following this is lochia serosa, which occurs around days four to ten postpartum. It is characterized by a pink or brownish color and primarily consists of serous fluid, blood, and vaginal secretions. Lastly, lochia alba occurs after the first week and can last for several weeks, characterized by a yellowish-white discharge that predominately consists of leukocytes and mucus.

Understanding these stages is essential for healthcare providers to monitor postpartum recovery and identify any potential complications, such as excessive bleeding or infection.